The modeling and analysis of hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the integration of this information into the geologic framework is an essential part of any field management process. Fusion offers a suite of reservoir engineering services including:
Reservoir Properties Modeling & Upscaling
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A clear understanding of the reservoir is critical to successful field development. Such an understanding must be developed through the application of an integrated work flow that includes robust seismic and petrophysical analysis that is tied to field analogs where possible. Fusion offers the expertise of some of the world´s top reservoir experts including the Fusion Reservoir Associates. Typical reservoir studies include a detailed calibration of reservoir and seal properties that are integrated with seismic attribute analysis and geostatistics to provide a high-resolution model for the reservoir. The models are designed to include any reservoir heterogeneities and internal baffles and barriers to flow that the data will support.
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Multi-zone clastic and carbonate reservoir model for a complex field |
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Once a detailed reservoir model has been constructed, the next step is to run reservoir simulations using a range of parameters that can test the intrinsic variation of the reservoir through history matching with the actual field production data. Fusion´s Associates and our alliance partner O´Meara Consulting provide a broad range of expertise in this discipline including the upscaling of reservoir properties to the simulator and the evaluation of the simulation results.
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Production Analysis & History Matching
Fusion offers production analysis through our alliance partner O´Meara Consulting Inc. The results of a typical production analysis are used for comparison to reservoir simulations using parameters representative of the field.
Fusion Petroleum Technologies Inc. has developed an integrated work flow for active and passive reservoir monitoring that utilizes all of Fusion´s proprietary technologies to study the changes that occur in a reservoir during production. The work flow includes active monitoring techniques through repeat seismic surveys and passive monitoring to evaluate changes in the reservoir that occur in real time. The active seismic work flow can be performed using conventional seismic methods or permanent sensor arrays. The permanent arrays also enable the application of the passive seismic task.
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Example of a permanent seismic array designed for time lapse seismic acquisition and passive seismic monitoring (courtesy of Geospace Engineering Resources International).
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Original time section over a producing reservoir at the start of production (top) and a ThinMAN™ Pseudo-Impedance section for the same line (bottom).
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Time lapse changes in reservoir impedance caused by changes in saturating fluid during production. Surveys are labeled in time sequence from survey A to survey F.
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The Active Seismic Task: The active seismic task involves repeat acquisition and processing of time lapse seismic surveys designed to detect changes that occur during production. This task includes repeat shooting of each seismic survey with recording and pre-processing on the platform, followed by P-wave and S-wave processing of each survey managed from a shore base. The new survey is used to generate a tomographic update followed by application of technologies to predict changes in physical properties including formation pressure and saturating fluids. The changes in seismic attributes are then translated into reservoir properties that are fed into a reservoir simulator to perform history matching and plan for reservoir management decisions. Changes in overburden between surveys can also be integrated with the passive seismic task to monitor and predict geomechanical stability of the reservoir and overburden.
The Passive Seismic Monitoring Task: The passive monitoring task involves 24 hours/day monitoring of acoustic signals generated by the reservoir and surrounding rock volume. All events are triangulated within the 3d velocity model to determine their focal points and plot them in 3D space. The clustering of events in time are integrated with subsidence and other measurements, and large events are analyzed to determine failure mechanisms for integration into 3D earth deformation models of the field. Events above a significant size and large event clusters are also analyzed by a project scientist to assess if they are of significant impact to the field operations.
Reservoir Management Through Integration: All active and passive seismic monitoring data are integrated to assess changes in earth deformation, reservoir saturating fluid and formation pressure that can be used to manage the reservoir, and to make critical decisions that will drive production plans for the future. All of the geophysical data are integrated with production history and individual well performance to assess how the field is evolving over time. The input from this process can drive key decisions on placement of additional wells, placement of injector wells, well stimulation decisions, pressure maintenance and other production management decisions.
Fusion Integrated Team Model: Fusion provides our clients with integrated teams for time lapse services that include an acquisition/processing support person, processing geophysicists for the active seismic task, seismic analysts who analyzes the time lapse differences between surveys and generate time difference models from the results, rock mechanics/earth deformation modeling analysts who assimilate the passive acoustic results, and data management specialists who handle the data needs of the team. All operations except those required to be in the field are handled at Fusion´s Woodlands office location.